Consistent treatment of muons in binary neutron star mergers
双中子星并合中μ子的自洽处理
We present a set of numerical-relativity binary neutron star merger simulations incorporating muons and muonic reactions for two baseline baryonic equations-of-state. In order to investigate the possible impact of muons and muonic weak reactions, we treat neutrinos with a gray (energy-independent) truncated moments scheme and an implicit-explicit time integrator. Newly computed neutrino rates are employed within the full kinematics approach for a set of relevant reactions, and pair-processes are modeled via opacities computed using reaction kernels, that allow a consistent treatment of neutrino interaction rates. We find that equilibration between matter and radiation is successfully captured by a novel two timescales approach. Of astrophysical interest is the general agreement between our muonic and nonmuonic results regarding the remnant evolution, disk and outflow properties. Average electron fractions, asymptotic velocities and temperatures are different by less than <inline-formula><mml:math><mml:mo>∼</mml:mo><mml:mn>6</mml:mn><mml:mo>%</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>, while the main impact of muons is a reduction in ejecta masses by at most <inline-formula><mml:math><mml:mo>∼</mml:mo><mml:mn>17</mml:mn><mml:mo>%</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>. Therefore, based on our findings, accounting for the presence of muons and muonic reactions might result much less severe consequences regarding nucleosynthetic yields and electromagnetic counterparts than previously reported in the literature.
展开 ▾亮点:首次在双中子星并合模拟中以反应核构造有限灰色 pair 不透明度并纳入逆 μ 子衰变,提出双时标平衡方案;发现 μ 子使抛射物质量最多减少约 17%,显著小于既往 M1 研究报道的约一半降幅。
早期核心坍缩超新星研究已指出 μ 子产生通过软化状态方程和影响中微子加热而显著改变坍缩动力学 Bollig+ 2017。在双中子星并合中,先前泄漏近似工作 Gieg+ 2025a 与更真实的 M1 工作 Ng+ 2025 曾报告 μ 子可使抛射物质量减少约一半,后者还发现 μ 子反应显著冷却遗迹。本文采用灰 M1 加 IMEX 积分、反应核处理 pair 过程并首次纳入逆 μ 子衰变,发现 μ 子影响温和:抛射物最多减少约 17%,电子分数、速度和温度差异小于约 6%。这一修正表明自洽相互作用率和平衡方案对化学演化至关重要;未来谱 M1 或 Monte Carlo 输运 Foucart+ 2024 以及磁场、不对称质量、中微子振荡 Qiu+ 2025a 等工作将检验灰近似和参数空间覆盖。
预印本 2026-04-14 · 刊出 2026-08-17 · 收录 2026-08-22