Search for steady and flaring neutrino emission from cosmic sources using the complete ANTARES dataset
利用完整 ANTARES 数据集搜寻宇宙源的稳态与耀发中微子辐射
ANTARES, a neutrino detector located in the depths of the Mediterranean Sea, operated successfully for over 15 years before being decommissioned in 2022. The telescope offered a vantage view of the Southern Sky and benefited from favourable water properties, enabling good angular resolution. This study makes use of data collected over the entire operational period of ANTARES to search for sources of high-energy cosmic neutrinos, considering both steady and flaring emission scenarios. First, a time-integrated search for high-energy neutrino clustering across much of the celestial sphere is conducted. The most significant accumulation is found at coordinates <inline-formula><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>α</mml:mi><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mi>δ</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>200</mml:mn><mml:mo>.</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mn>5</mml:mn><mml:mo>∘</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:mspace></mml:mspace><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>17</mml:mn><mml:mo>.</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mn>7</mml:mn><mml:mo>∘</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula> with a post-trial p value equal to 0.38. A dedicated search in the Galactic Plane is also performed for extended sources, yielding no significant excess. Additionally, a list of potential neutrino sources is investigated. The blazar MG3 J225517+2409 is identified as the most significant object, yet the excess remains compatible with background fluctuations. A mild local excess of 2.4<inline-formula><mml:math><mml:mi>σ</mml:mi></mml:math></inline-formula> is found for the blazar TXS 0506+056. The full sky is also examined for the presence of flaring neutrino emission. The most significant excess in this case corresponds to a <inline-formula><mml:math><mml:mo>∼</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>4-day flare from the direction <inline-formula><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>α</mml:mi><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mi>δ</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>141</mml:mn><mml:mo>.</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mo>∘</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:mspace></mml:mspace><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>9</mml:mn><mml:mo>.</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mn>8</mml:mn><mml:mo>∘</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula>, with a post-trial p-value of 0.30. Finally, the directions of sources highlighted in IceCube's time-dependent searches are investigated. Temporal overlaps between ANTARES and IceCube flares are identified for PKS 1502+106 and TXS 0506+056, with an estimated chance probability of about 0.02%. However, the absence of a corresponding strong signal in IceCube does not support an astrophysical interpretation of the temporal coincidence.
展开 ▾这是 ANTARES 完整 15 年数据集的终结性源搜寻;时变分析发现与 IceCube 候选耀发在两个独立源方向的时间重叠,经试验修正后巧合概率仅约 0.02%,是全篇最值得关注的结果。
这项工作用完整 ANTARES 数据做了一次终结性点源普查,延续此前 15 年候选源搜索 Illuminati+ 2023 与 ANTARES 银河脊 TeV 中微子迹象研究 Albert+ 2023。在 IceCube 已报告银河面中微子辐射 Abbasi+ 2023 的背景下,本文通过全天空稳态扫描、银道面延展源搜寻、候选源列表和时变耀发搜索,未发现显著稳态源;最亮候选 MG3 J225517+2409 仍兼容背景。更值得注意的是,在时变搜索中,ANTARES 与 IceCube 的耀发在 PKS 1502+106 和 TXS 0506+056 方向出现时间重叠,保守估计巧合概率约 0.02% Abbasi+ 2021。这些弱重合为未来更大体积探测器(如 KM3NeT/ARCA)与更高能伽马巡天开展后随观测提供了明确方向。
预印本 2025-11-10 · 接收 2026-06-01 · 刊出 2026-08-02 · 收录 2026-08-20