解决了此前缺乏瞬时喷流功率测量而无法与吸积光度直接比较的问题，为星系形成模拟和黑洞吸积标度模型中长期依赖的黑洞喷流能量学假设提供了坚实的经验基础。
利用18年高分辨率射电成像探测到黑洞X射线双星Cygnus X-1中由星风引起的喷流弯曲；通过喷流-星风相互作用建模，测得当前喷流瞬时动能功率为log10[L_jet(erg s^-1)]=37.3+0.1/-0.2，与热X射线光度相当。
论文通过18年观测首次实现黑洞喷流瞬时功率测量并与吸积光度直接比较，为星系形成和黑洞吸积模型中长期依赖的ad hoc能量学假设提供了经验基础，符合实现此前不可能的能力并实质改变领域级认识的标准，保留为headline。
ADS 2026NatAs..10.1039P 其他黑洞X射线双星中是否也能观测到喷流弯曲并测定瞬时功率
ADS 2026NatAs..10.1039P 星系形成模拟中引入该经验标度后的反馈效果变化
黑洞X射线双星天鹅座X-1中被星风弯曲的喷流
Jets provide an important channel for kinetic feedback from accreting black holes into their environment, without which models of the formation of large-scale structure in the Universe fail to reproduce the observed properties of galaxies. Hence, an accurate measurement of jet power is critical for understanding black hole growth through accretion and also for quantifying the impact of kinetic feedback. However, the absence of instantaneous jet power measurements has precluded direct comparisons with the accretion luminosity, forcing kinetic feedback models to rely on ad hoc assumptions about how much jet power is released per accreted amount of mass. Here using 18 years of high-resolution radio imaging, we report the detection of stellar wind-induced bending of the jets in the black hole X-ray binary Cygnus X-1. By modelling jet-wind interactions, we determine the current kinetic instantaneous power of the jet to be log<SUB>10</SUB>[L<SUB>j e t</SUB>(e<SUP>r g s -1</SUP>)]=37. 3<SUB>-0.2</SUB><SUP>+0.1</SUP>, comparable with the bolometric X-ray luminosity. This result critically places prevailing assumptions about the energetics of black hole-powered jets in both galaxy formation simulations and in scaling models of black hole accretion on a firm empirical footing.
展开 ▾首次在吸积黑洞中实现瞬时喷流动率测量，为黑洞反馈模型提供了关键经验校准；发现喷流弯曲直接证实了星风-喷流相互作用理论。
过去通过射电星云量热法（如 Gallo+ 2005）只能获得时均喷流功率，并结合喷流-射电标度关系（Heinz & Grimm 2005）外推，但瞬时值缺失限制了反馈模型的约束。理论曾预言高质量X射线双星中星风可弯曲喷流（Bosch-Ramon+ 2016），而本文利用18年高分辨率VLBI数据首次在天鹅座X-1中清晰揭示该效应。测得的瞬时喷流功率与吸积光度一致，直接支持了星系形成模拟（Weinberger+ 2017）中假定的能量转换效率，并证实了以该系统为锚点的黑洞标度关系（Miller-Jones+ 2021）的可靠性。未来更高灵敏度干涉阵（如ngVLA、SKA）有望将此方法推广至更多源，实时追踪喷流功率变化，深入研究喷流-星风相互作用的流体过程及粒子加速机制。
预印本 2025-12-10 · 接收 2026-03-04 · 刊出 2026-04-16 · 收录 2026-07-28
We use diffuse Galactic high energy gamma ray data from LHAASO and Fermi-LAT to constrain gravitationally produced decaying dark matter (DM). Focusing on four benchmark candidates: a dark photon, a heavy right-handed neutrino (RHN), a pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson (pNGB), and a nonminimally coupled scalar we derive bounds on the DM mass and its couplings to the visible sector. For dark photons, RHNs, and pNGBs, the combined data constrain the effective interaction strength to <inline-formula><mml:math><mml:mo>≲</mml:mo><mml:mi>O</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mn>10</mml:mn><mml:mrow><mml:mo>-</mml:mo><mml:mn>30</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula> for DM masses <inline-formula><mml:math><mml:mo>≳</mml:mo><mml:mi>O</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>TeV</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>. For the nonminimally coupled scalar, this interaction strength is limited to <inline-formula><mml:math><mml:mo>≲</mml:mo><mml:mi>O</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mn>10</mml:mn><mml:mrow><mml:mo>-</mml:mo><mml:mn>10</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula>, for the same DM mass range. Moreover, photon-dark photon oscillations yield strong constraints for massive dark photon beyond 10 GeV, closing a region of parameter space previously left unconstrained.
展开 ▾利用LHAASO和Fermi-LAT约束引力产生暗物质 · 使用LHAASO和Fermi-LAT的扩散银河伽马射线数据，对暗光子、重右手中微子、伪Nambu-Goldstone玻色子和非最小耦合标量四种引力产生衰变暗物质候选者的质量和耦合参数给出了严格的限制。
预印本 2025-12-10 · 刊出 2026-07-08 · 收录 2026-07-22