Numerical simulations of black hole-neutron star mergers with equal and near-equal mass ratios
等质量比与近等质量比黑洞-中子星并合的数值模拟
The detection of GW230529_181500 suggested the existence of more symmetric black hole-neutron star mergers where the black hole mass can be as low as 2.6 times that of the neutron star. Black hole-neutron star binaries with even more symmetric mass ratios are expected to leave behind massive disks capable of driving bright electromagnetic transients like kilonovae. Currently, there is only a limited number of numerical-relativity simulations of black hole-neutron star mergers in this regime, which are vital for accurate gravitational waveform models and analytical fitting formulas for the remnant properties. Insufficient accuracy of these may lead to misclassification of real events and potentially missed opportunities to locate their electromagnetic counterparts. To fill this gap in the parameter space coverage, we perform simulations of black hole-neutron star mergers with mass ratios <inline-formula><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mi>q</mml:mi><mml:mo>∈</mml:mo><mml:mo>{</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mo>}</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula>. We find the gravitational waveform models do not show good agreement with the numerical waveforms, with dephasing at the level of around 1 rad at the merger. We find that the masses of the dynamical ejecta and disk are in good agreement with the available fitting formulas. The analytical formulas for the remnant black hole are in excellent agreement for the black hole mass, but are less accurate with the predictions for its spin. Moreover, we analyze the remnant disk structure and dynamics, deriving the rotation law and identifying global trapped <inline-formula><mml:math><mml:mi>g</mml:mi></mml:math></inline-formula> mode density oscillations. We distinguish three types of accretion in the postmerger and find modulation of the accretion rate by the global oscillations of the disk. Finally, we model the kilonova emission these systems would produce and find that most of them are potentially detectable by the Vera C. Rubin Observatory within four days after merger, and by DECam within two days after merger if located at a distance of 200 Mpc.
展开 ▾首次系统模拟对称质量比 BHNS 系统,揭示现有波形模型在并合时相位偏差高达 ~1 rad;发现盘内 g-模振荡调制吸积率,为 GRB 高频 QPO 提供可能机制;预测此类对称并合的千新星有望被 LSST 等巡天捕获。
GW230529 的探测暗示存在更对称的黑洞-中子星并合系统 LIGOScientific+ 2024,但此前的数值相对论波形校准多集中于 q≲1/3 的不对称样本 Thompson+ 2020。本研究通过 q=1 等质量比模拟填补了参数空间空白,验证了 Foucart+ 2018 的盘与抛射物拟合公式,同时揭示波形模型在对称区的不足。未来波形模型需整合更广 NR 数据(例如 Gonzalez+ 2025 的校准扩展),在盘长期演化中纳入磁场与中微子输运以确认 g-模和千新星前身;大规模时域巡天将从这类对称并合中搜寻电磁对应体。
预印本 2026-01-27 · 刊出 2026-07-15 · 收录 2026-07-27