TDE 2025abcr: A Tidal Disruption Event in the Outskirts of a Massive Galaxy
TDE 2025abcr:发生于大质量星系外围的潮汐瓦解事件
Tidal disruption events (TDEs) have traditionally been discovered in optical sky surveys through targeted searches of nuclear transients. However, it is expected that some TDEs will occur outside the galaxy nucleus, arising from wandering black holes (BHs) originating in galaxy mergers. Here, we present observations of TDE 2025abcr, the first optical TDE discovered in the outskirts of a host galaxy. The TDE was identified by a custom "off-nuclear" implementation of the machine learning classifier tdescore, which classifies new ZTF transients based on their lightcurves. Follow-up observations confirm that TDE 2025abcr is a TDE-H+He, occurring 9<inline-formula> <mml:math><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mo>.</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>″</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:mover></mml:math> </inline-formula>5 (9.3 kpc projected distance) from the nucleus of a massive galaxy (M<SUB>⋆</SUB> = 10<SUP>11.18±0.03</SUP>M<SUB>⊙</SUB>) with a central BH mass of 10<SUP>8.82±0.65</SUP>M<SUB>⊙</SUB>. TDE 2025abcr itself was likely disrupted by a much lighter BH (10<SUP>6.09±0.53</SUP>M<SUB>⊙</SUB>, as estimated with peak luminosity scaling relations). The BH was either dynamically ejected from the nucleus or lies at the center of a very faint tidally stripped dwarf galaxy undergoing a minor merger. Late-time observations of TDE 2025abcr could confirm the origin of this apparent "wandering" BH. The rate of highly offset (≳3 kpc) TDEs can be constrained to <10% of the nuclear TDE rate, but our discovery implies that many dozens of similar sources will be detected by the Vera C. Rubin Observatory each year with resolvable offsets.
展开 ▾首次不依赖宿主位置、仅凭光变曲线发现光学离核潮汐瓦解事件;UV/光学/X射线/光谱多波段确认其 TDE-H+He 属性,并将高偏移 TDE 速率限制为核 TDE 的 <10%。
以往光学 TDE 搜寻多聚焦核区,但 X 射线选源已先行揭示离核候选,如 Maksym+ 2013 的 A1795、Lin+ 2020 的 3XMM J2150 和 Chang+ 2025 的 HLX-1。本文将 ZTF 的 tdescore 分类器扩展为与核位置无关的“离核”版本,首次发现光学选择的离核 TDE 2025abcr:它位于 10^11 M_sun 宿主星系外 9.3 kpc,母黑洞仅约 10^6 M_sun,远轻于星系中心黑洞。该发现证明光学巡天能直接定位流浪黑洞,并为 minor merger 或动力学弹射起源提供样本。未来晚时 UV/光学平台与深场成像可判别具体起源;Rubin 天文台投入运行后,每年有望发现数十例可分辨偏移的离核 TDE,将其从个例变为统计样本。
预印本 2026-02-10 · 接收 2026-04-29 · 刊出 2026-07-27 · 收录 2026-08-20