Extending Ground-Based Gravitational-Wave Sensitivity to 5 Hz
将地基引力波灵敏度扩展至5赫兹
Extending the sensitivity of terrestrial gravitational-wave detectors below 20 Hz is a long-standing challenge, limited by ground motion and inertial sensing noise. In this Letter, we demonstrate ultra-high-vacuum compatible inertial isolation and position sensing technologies that achieve active platform stabilization down to 10 mHz. Our laser position sensors reach a <inline-formula><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mi>sub</mml:mi><mml:mtext>-</mml:mtext><mml:mi>pm</mml:mi><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:msqrt><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Hz</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msqrt></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula> sensitivity above 10 mHz, independent of the input light polarization, representing a 100-fold improvement over the current LIGO position sensors. In addition, our inertial sensors provide at least a factor of 5 improvement in low-frequency sensitivity compared to state-of-the-art commercial seismometers. We integrate these technologies into a LIGO-like interferometer model and predict a low-frequency sensitivity improvement of up to an order of magnitude at 10 Hz, with enhanced linearity and calibration stability. This extension increases the detection horizon for intermediate-mass black hole binaries of mass <inline-formula><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mn>10</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>M</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>⊙</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula> by a factor of 3 and increases the SNR for all lower mass binaries. Our results provide the first experimental demonstration of a practical pathway to sub-10 Hz operation of terrestrial gravitational-wave detectors and establish key technologies for next-generation observatories such as Cosmic Explorer and Einstein Telescope.
展开 ▾首次实验实现0.01–5 Hz主动平台稳定;激光位置传感器灵敏度提升100倍,惯性传感器提升≥5倍;预测应变灵敏度在10 Hz处提升一个量级,IMBH探测数量增加86%。
地基引力波探测器的低频灵敏度长期受限于地面振动和惯性传感噪声。Yu+ 2018 曾从理论上分析了将灵敏度延伸至5 Hz 的潜力,而本文通过实验演示了达到该目标所需的关键硬件技术。所开发的激光位置传感器(Smetana+ 2022)和六自由度惯性隔离平台(Mow-Lowry+ 2019)在灵敏度上均比LIGO现有器件有数量级提升,将主动稳定带宽延伸至10 mHz。这些技术嵌入后,控制噪声带宽将大幅降低,有望使探测器在低频趋近Hall+ 2021所讨论的 Cosmic Explorer 级性能,并显著增强对中等质量黑洞(Gupta+ 2023)的探测能力。未来,若进一步结合更先进的悬挂纤维与更高惯性测试质量,可望逼近Hughes+ 1998计算的重力梯度噪声极限,同时为量子传感、半导体制造等精密领域带来变革。
预印本 2026-02-26 · 刊出 2026-07-16 · 收录 2026-07-27