推翻了恒星级黑洞喷流相对论性较弱的长期认知，为跨质量尺度统一理解黑洞喷流机制提供了关键观测证据。
对银河系X射线双星4U 1543−47单次爆发期间两次喷流抛射的射电干涉测量显示，其初始洛伦兹因子可能约为8，95%置信度下最小为4.6。
论文通过射电干涉测量直接测得恒星级黑洞喷流的高洛伦兹因子，直接否定了该领域长期存在的“恒星级黑洞喷流相对论性较弱”的假设，符合实质改变领域级认识的重大进展标准，保留为 headline。
ADS 2026NatCo..17.6477Z 4U 1543−47 未来爆发中的喷流洛伦兹因子测量
ADS 2026NatCo..17.6477Z 其他恒星级黑洞X射线双星的喷流洛伦兹因子测量
恒星级黑洞喷流与超大质量黑洞喷流同样相对论性
Relativistic jets from supermassive black holes in active galactic nuclei are amongst the most powerful phenomena in the universe. Similar jets from stellar-mass black holes offer a chance to study the phenomena on accessible observation time scales. However, such comparative studies across black hole masses and time scales remain hampered by the long-standing perception that stellar-mass black hole jets are in a less relativistic regime. Here, we show the detection of two distinct, relativistic jet ejections from the Galactic black hole X-ray binary 4U 1543−47 during a single outburst, with radio interferometry monitoring observations. Our measurements reveal a likely Lorentz factor of approximately 8 and a minimum of 4.6 at launch with 95% confidence, demonstrating that stellar-mass black holes in X-ray binaries can launch jets as relativistic as those seen in active galactic nuclei.
展开 ▾直接测量到高洛伦兹因子（约8），打破恒星级黑洞喷流较弱的传统观念，为统一理解不同尺度黑洞喷流奠定基础。
过去的研究倾向于认为恒星级黑洞喷流的块体运动速度低于超大质量黑洞喷流。本工作通过对4U 1543-47的密集射电监测，首次在单次爆发中清晰检测到两个分离的相对论性喷射事件，获得喷流表观速度，推导出最小洛伦兹因子4.6，证明恒星级黑洞完全可以产生极端相对论性喷流。该结果意味着黑洞喷流的基本物理可能不依赖于黑洞质量，从而支持了喷流统一模型。未来，随着SKA等新一代射电望远镜的运行，更高时间分辨率和灵敏度的观测将能捕捉更多瞬变事件，进一步限制喷流加速区和成分，深化对吸积与喷流反馈过程的理解。
接收 2026-04-24 · 刊出 2026-05-15 · 收录 2026-07-28