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优先级 50　·　多信使触发与联合

Correlation Between Hard X-Ray and Cosmic Neutrino Sources: From Obscured AGN to Blazars

硬X射线与宇宙中微子源间的关联：从遮蔽活动星系核到耀变体

✉ Emma Kun (ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary), Imre Bartos (University of Florida, USA), Claudio Ricci (University of Geneva, Switzerland) et al.

原文摘要Abstract

The origin of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos remains a key open question in multimessenger astrophysics. A correlation between unabsorbed hard X-ray and high-energy neutrino luminosity has been reported in six active galactic nuclei with the highest individual IceCube significances, linking neutrino production to compact, photon-rich environments near supermassive black holes. We study whether the threshold-near IceCube excesses associated with seven Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array-observed blazars are statistically consistent with that relation. Calibrating the LhX─Lν relation on the six published sources via a Bayesian regression with errors on both axes, the slope is consistent with β = 1 and the intrinsic scatter is ∼0.6 dex. All seven new blazars are posterior-predictively consistent with this calibration (<inline-formula> <mml:math><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>χ</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>7</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>1.58</mml:mn></mml:math> </inline-formula>, p = 0.98) under the working hypothesis that the published IceCube <inline-formula> <mml:math><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>̂</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mover></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math> </inline-formula> values reflect the signal. A null-injection test confirms that, at the present calibration sample size, the consistency test does not by itself adjudicate between signal and selected-background origins. A distance-free LhX/Lν ratio diagnostic places both populations within the photohadronic prediction band, statistically indistinguishable. Two diagnostics that control the common <inline-formula> <mml:math><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>d</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>L</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mspace></mml:mspace><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup></mml:math> </inline-formula> distance bias, a redshift-partial rank correlation (τ∣z = 0.69, ∼2.7σ) and a flux-space permutation test on the 13-source joint sample (p = 6.3 × 10−4, 3.23σ), indicate a residual LhX─Lν association beyond the distance-induced trend. We interpret these results as a conditional consistency check; a detection-level statement requires either an enlarged calibration set or an X-ray-weighted IceCube stacking likelihood with internal data.

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AI 综述 AI-generated · 以原文为准

亮点

首次将Kun+2024的硬X射线-中微子关联推广至纯耀变体样本，并通过距离无关诊断和流量排列检验揭示残余物理关联（~3.2σ），为统一核区中微子产生机制提供统计支持。

脉络与展望

既往研究Kun+ 2024利用六个最高IceCube显著性的活动星系核样本，首次报告了未吸收硬X射线与中微子光度之间的可能线性关联（R=0.97），结合Murase+ 2020的光介子级联再处理理论和Neronov+ 2024对塞弗特星系中微子信号的分析，硬X射线被视作致密核区中微子生成的量热探针。本文将此标度关系外推至七个NuSTAR观测的阈值附近耀变体，通过后验预测检验、距离无关光度比诊断及控制dL²偏倚的流量排列检验，证实这些候选源与校准关系统计自洽，且存在剩余光度关联（~3.2σ），暗示核区中微子产额可能跨活动星系核类型服从统一物理标度。但零假设校准表明现有检验尚不能区分真实信号与背景涨落；近期Luo+ 2026利用大样本强调了距离耦合带来的表观相关性，进一步凸显了扩大校准样本和开展X射线加权堆叠分析的必要性。未来结合同步NuSTAR–IceCube观测和宽波段能谱分解，可望将这类条件一致性升级为对耀变体中微子发射的确凿探测。

预印本 2026-05-14 · 接收 2026-06-25 · 刊出 2026-07-17 · 收录 2026-07-22

ADS:2026PASP..138g4102K ↗arXiv:2605.15360 ↗DOI ↗

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优先级 30　·　宇宙学与基础物理应用

Black holes and neutron stars in massive Hellings-Nordtvedt theory

Luo, Zhe, Liang, Liang, Yu, Zhong-Xi, et al.

原文摘要Abstract

Hellings-Nordtvedt theory is a vector-tensor theory in which a vector field <inline-formula><mml:math><mml:msub><mml:mi>A</mml:mi><mml:mi>μ</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:math></inline-formula> is nonminimally coupled to curvature through two independent interactions <inline-formula><mml:math><mml:msup><mml:mi>A</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup><mml:mi>R</mml:mi></mml:math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><mml:math><mml:msup><mml:mi>A</mml:mi><mml:mi>μ</mml:mi></mml:msup><mml:msup><mml:mi>A</mml:mi><mml:mi>ν</mml:mi></mml:msup><mml:msub><mml:mi>R</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>μ</mml:mi><mml:mi>ν</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math></inline-formula>. When supplemented by a potential whose zero-energy minimum occurs at nonzero <inline-formula><mml:math><mml:msup><mml:mi>A</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:math></inline-formula>, the restricted <inline-formula><mml:math><mml:msup><mml:mi>A</mml:mi><mml:mi>μ</mml:mi></mml:msup><mml:msup><mml:mi>A</mml:mi><mml:mi>ν</mml:mi></mml:msup><mml:msub><mml:mi>R</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>μ</mml:mi><mml:mi>ν</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math></inline-formula> sector is known to admit black-hole and neutron-star solutions with a global monopolelike asymptotic vacuum structure. We examine whether this structure is a generic consequence of the nonzero vector vacuum or instead relies on the special Ricci-tensor coupling. By analyzing the field equations near spatial infinity, we show that the asymptotic vacuum condition is incompatible with generic nonzero values of both couplings and instead selects two allowed single-coupling sectors. The <inline-formula><mml:math><mml:msup><mml:mi>A</mml:mi><mml:mi>μ</mml:mi></mml:msup><mml:msup><mml:mi>A</mml:mi><mml:mi>ν</mml:mi></mml:msup><mml:msub><mml:mi>R</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>μ</mml:mi><mml:mi>ν</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math></inline-formula> sector reproduces the known global monopolelike asymptotics, whereas the <inline-formula><mml:math><mml:msup><mml:mi>A</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup><mml:mi>R</mml:mi></mml:math></inline-formula> sector admits an asymptotically flat Schwarzschild metric with a nontrivial radial vector field. We further compute the Noether mass in the <inline-formula><mml:math><mml:msup><mml:mi>A</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup><mml:mi>R</mml:mi></mml:math></inline-formula> sector, derive the corresponding Solar-System constraints, and construct neutron-star configurations. Although the weak-field deviation is constrained to be small, neutron stars can still show appreciable departures from both general relativity and the Ricci-tensor-coupling sector in their masses, radii, and moments of inertia. Our results identify that the <inline-formula><mml:math><mml:msup><mml:mi>A</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup><mml:mi>R</mml:mi></mml:math></inline-formula> sector of massive Hellings-Nordtvedt theory as a viable and useful framework for studying strong-field compact objects with a nonzero vector vacuum while remaining compatible with weak-field tests.

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大质量赫林斯-诺特维特理论中的黑洞与中子星　·　本文证明在大质量赫林斯-诺特维特理论中仅A²R单耦合扇区与弱场测试兼容，并给出该扇区黑洞与中子星的解，发现中子星性质显著偏离广义相对论。

预印本 2026-05-14 · 刊出 2026-07-13 · 收录 2026-07-22

ADS:2026PhRvD.114b4031L ↗arXiv:2605.14711 ↗DOI ↗