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2026 年 6 月 10 日 星期三 · 数据截至 arXiv / ADS 最新收录日
I.

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II.

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优先级 85 · 伽马暴 GRB

Pulse-resolved Classification and Characteristics of Long-duration Gamma-Ray Bursts with Swift-BAT Data. II. Main Bursts versus Extended Emissions

基于 Swift-BAT 数据的长暴脉冲分辨分类与特征:II. 主发射与延伸发射

Liang Li, Xiao Wang, Zhi-Li Cui, et al.

原文摘要Abstract

Long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) frequently exhibit complex prompt-emission morphology, including a bright main-emission (ME) episode followed by a weaker extended-emission (EE) component. Whether these subcomponents are produced by the same central engine under different physical conditions remains unclear. Here, we present a systematic, pulse-resolved analysis of 24 Swift Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) long-duration GRBs that exhibit a well-separated ME episode (G<SUB>1</SUB>) followed by a fainter EE episode (G<SUB>2</SUB>) after a background-consistent quiescent interval. For each episode, we measure the episode-only duration (T<SUB>90</SUB>), count-based hardness ratio, minimum variability timescale (MVT), and spectral lag using the same Swift-BAT analysis pipeline adopted in Paper I. We find that the EE is typically softer and smoother than the ME: HR<SUB>EE</SUB> &lt; HR<SUB>ME</SUB> in 20 of 24 events, and MVT<SUB>EE</SUB> &gt; MVT<SUB>ME</SUB> in 19 of 24 events. The EE also shows a broader lag distribution, including both large positive and negative lags, although the sample-wide median lag offset is not statistically significant. Both episodes remain in the long-GRB track in the duration─hardness and duration─MVT planes. These results suggest that the EE in long GRBs may represent a physically distinct regime of the central engine, characterized by a lower luminosity, longer emission timescales, and softer spectral properties, rather than a simple continuation of the main burst. The observed trends are consistent with late-time central engine activity, such as fallback accretion onto a black hole or protomagnetar spin-down.

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亮点

首次系统性地对主发射与延伸发射进行脉冲分辨多参量对比,揭示了延伸发射在硬度、最小变化时标及光谱滞后上的独特行为,为区分中心引擎机制提供了新依据。

脉络与展望

既往对长暴主发射与延伸发射的研究多限于整体统计或个别事例,缺乏系统性的脉冲分辨比较。本研究在统一的 Swift-BAT 脉冲分析流程下,对 24 例暴的两类发射进行持续时间、硬度、最小变化时标和光谱滞后测量,发现延伸发射普遍更软且时标更长,其滞后分布也更为弥散,暗示其可能对应于回落吸积或磁星自转制动等较低光度的晚期中心引擎活动。这类脉冲分辨的方法为研究伽马暴多阶段引擎演化提供了有力工具,未来结合更高时间分辨率的观测、多信使关联及物理模拟,有望进一步厘清两类辐射组分的起源与转化条件。

接收 2026-06-10 · 刊出 2026-07-10 · 收录 2026-07-22