KIC 6464285: A Solar-type Eclipsing Binary in a Hierarchical Triple System with Quasi-periodic Out-of-eclipse Modulations
KIC 6464285:一个具有准周期食外调制的太阳型食双星分级三合系统
We present the first detailed analysis of the solar-type triple system KIC 6464285. Combining long-term, high-precision photometry from Kepler, TESS, and ZTF with low-resolution spectra from LAMOST and near-infrared high-resolution spectra from SDSS/APOGEE, we performed a joint analysis of the light curves, eclipse timing variations (ETVs), and radial velocities. Spectroscopic analysis reveals the system to be triple-lined, with the inner binary's primary being a G-type main-sequence star and a mass ratio of $0.627(7)$. Light curve modeling indicates that the inner binary is detached, with filling factors of approximately 26\% and 11\% for the primary and secondary, respectively, and a tertiary light contribution of about 27\%. ETV analysis shows a significant light-travel-time effect (LTTE), consistent with the presence of the tertiary companion, whose minimum mass is estimated as $M_{3,\rm min}=0.74(1)~M_\odot$. The light curve exhibits a pronounced O'Connell effect and quasi-periodic variations, indicative of starspot activity modulating the photometry on a $\sim$131-day timescale. Kepler observations further reveal 30 superflares, each with total energies exceeding $10^{34}$ erg. This study presents detailed observational constraints on the orbital configuration, stellar properties, and magnetic activity of KIC 6464285, providing a benchmark for studies of hierarchical triple systems.
展开 ▾首次对KIC 6464285进行多波段、多手段联合分析,证实其为含G型主序双星与第三天体的分级三合系统,并发现异常的O’Connell效应反转周期与高能超级耀斑活动。
恒星多重性中约17%为三级以上系统 Duchêne+ 2013 Tokovinin 2014,食变定时(ETV)是探测第三天体光行时效应(LTTE)的有效手段 Irwin 1952;Kepler等任务已据此发现大量三合候选体 Conroy+ 2014 Borkovits+ 2025。结合光变模型与光谱可完整约束轨道参数,而对食外不对称(O’Connell效应)的长期监测能揭示星斑迁移与磁周期 Pan+ 2023。系统内探测到的超级耀斑深化了对快转密近双星磁活动的认知 Shibayama+ 2013 Xu+ 2025。未来更长基线时序观测有望确定外轨道倾角,并检验Kozai-Lidov机制在系统演化中的作用。
预印本 2026-07-21 · 接收 2026-04-29 · 刊出 2026-05-21 · 收录 2026-07-22