Bolometric correction factor and radiative efficiency for the super-Eddington accretion flow in tidal disruption events
潮汐瓦解事件中超爱丁顿吸积流的热改正因子与辐射效率
The estimate of the bolometric luminosity and the radiative efficiency are two key aspects for understanding the properties of the accretion flow around a supermassive black hole (BH). In this paper, we focus on the estimate of the bolometric luminosity and the radiative efficiency of the early super-Eddington accretion flow in tidal disruption events (TDEs). Specifically, we first perform radiation hydrodynamic simulations of super-Eddington accretion flow in TDE environment, and then calculate the corresponding emergent spectra with the method of post processing for the simulation data. Based on the emergent spectra, we calculate the isotropic-equivalent X-ray bolometric correction factor k<SUB>bol</SUB> and the radiative efficiency η of the super-Eddington accretion flow. We find that both k<SUB>bol</SUB> and η are BH mass and viewing-angle dependent. k<SUB>bol</SUB> is in the range of about a few tens to a few thousands, and η is in the range of ~10<SUP>-3</SUP> - 10<SUP>-1</SUP> for BH mass in the range of 10<SUP>6 - 7</SUP>M<SUB>⊙</SUB> and the viewing angle in the range of 0<SUP>o</SUP> - 90<SUP>o</SUP>. Finally, we apply the derived k<SUB>bol</SUB> and η to some specific TDEs to estimate the accreted mass during an event, which can significantly alleviate the so-called missing energy problem in TDEs.
展开 ▾首次从多质量辐射流体模拟出发,给出TDE超爱丁顿吸积流的热改正因子k_bol(数十至数千)和辐射效率η(10^-3–10^-1)的定量范围,二者强烈依赖于黑洞质量和视角;应用至已知TDE可将吸积质量修正至合理值,为解决“丢失能量”问题提供物理依据。
TDE的“丢失能量”问题长期存在:由观测X射线流量转化出的吸积质量远小于理论预期,根源在于常用的热改正因子k_bol≈1和辐射效率η≈0.1可能严重失准 Li+ 2002。理论上,超爱丁顿吸积的辐射效率低于0.1 Begelman 1978,且TDE在极紫外波段辐射占主导 Dai+ 2018。Qiao+ 2025 首次在TDE环境中开展辐射流体模拟并计算光谱,但仅针对10^6 M_⊙黑洞。本文在此基础上,模拟了10^6–10^7 M_⊙的超爱丁顿吸积流,系统给出了k_bol和η随黑洞质量和视角的变化,并成功应用于多个X射线TDE以缓解丢失能量问题。未来需拓展至更丰富的恒星性质、穿透因子、黑洞自旋及磁场,以在更广阔参数空间内精化k_bol和η的约束。
预印本 2026-07-02 · 刊出 2026-07-06 · 收录 2026-07-22